So I have now published a total of 15 articles for FFWD magazine and I think it's about time I do some reflecting on my writing since I really haven't had a chance to review it and to determine how to improve it. I'm reading a book called "Writing for Magazines" by Lesley Bown & ANN Gawthorpe (not cover to cover or anything, but just going straight for the goods that interest me). I figure my style and interests are more suited for magazine writing than they are for newspapers since magazines provide a little more freedom of expression than the more stiff, factual and dogmatic newspaper counterparts. I'm taking it a little easier on the vocabulary section for now, still learning words but not on that crazy daily schedule I was doing before (although I still like to call them daily word doses). While vocabulary is extremely important, it is also important that I learn other aspects in order to get better.
Today I read the chapter on Opening and Closing Paragraphs. Below is a summary of that chapter:
- The Opening and Closing paragraphs are like book-ends supporting a row of books: these 2 paragraphs hold the article together
- Must grab the reader's attention since most people read the header and opening before deciding whether or not to read the entire article
- Should be SHORT, SNAPPY, and INTERESTING (intriguing, arresting or shocking)
- Keep the rest of paragraph short too so reader can absorb it in a glance (as a rule, the opening paragraph should be half the length of the average paragraph of the article)
- The opening: sets the tone, express the writer's viewpoint and has a 'hook'
- Avoid: jargon, complicated words, abbreviations, complicated stats, complicated sentences, parentheses, quotations - Basically anything that slows down the reader
- Provocative, intriguing or surprising - most common, works well for most type of articles, aim for colour and contrast.
- Anecdote or narrative - adds human interest to abstract stories, good way to start a celebrity feature or interview.
- Scene-setting or atmospheric description - More novelistic than pure journalism. CAUTION: don't go on for too long
- Question - CAUTION: needs to be pitched right or it will irritate rather than intrigue
- Facts/ Figures
- Analogy - uses comparison as a way of explaining something, uses the familiar to explain the unfamiliar
- Symbol - select an item that sums up, or symbolizes the whole thrust of your piece
- Humour - useful in light-hearted pieces. CAUTION: do not use it inappropriately.
- Irony - works by meaning the opposite of what the words appear to say.
- Personal Remark - Give your own experience, needs to be interesting. CAUTION: beware of turning the intro into an ego-trip.
- Quotation - not allowed in newspapers, makes for awkward reading, but can be effective in some magazine articles (esp. if the person being quoted is a household name) or has a good reason to be heard.
- Research shows readers also skip to the last paragraph to determine whether or not they want to read an entire article
- They are basically wondering "Is it going to be worthwhile to read this? Am I going to get something out of it?"
- Needs to interest those people as well as provide a satisfying resolution for those who have taken the time to read the entire article
- Never tack an ending on
- Think back to the intention behind the article -- ending should show that you have achieved what you set out to do.
- It is human nature to prefer an upbeat ending so try to end it on a positive note
- Avoid: speech or essay-type endings; can echo the opening paragraph but must arrive at a new position; avoid questions while possible to use as a way to challenge the reader -- but often ends up causing irritation or confusion; anything uncertain - needs to be bold and confidently expressed.
- Summary - simplest, most common, if research has led to a conclusion then summarize.
- Surprise - if research shows up something unexpected, save that for the ending
- Advice - must focus on the wider implications
- Quotation - an effective way to end articles based on more than one interview, save something good for the end
- Statement - look for contrast or drama, end with a bang, not a whimper
- Anecdote - good way to end a profile, save something interesting about the subject to end with
- Descriptive - an article heavy on fact and light on human interest can be lifted at the end with a descriptive passage or anecdote
- Looking forwards - if you can't find anything to end with in the current situation, try looking into the future